PDL200 Low Noise Voltage Amplifier
The PDL200 is a 200 Volt linear amplifier designed to optimize the performance of multilayer piezoelectric stack actuators. The PDL200 is compact in size but provides a level of performance not currently available from commercial amplifiers.
The PDL200 contains a new proprietary output stage with Dynamic Current Control that provides exceptionally large output currents for short periods of time. Compared to a standard voltage amplifier, the PDL200 provides three times greater power bandwidth and up to six times faster rise-time. A plot of the allowable overload current versus time is shown below.
In addition to the fast response, the PDL200 also exhibits extremely low noise. This is ideal for precision positioning applications where sub-atomic resolution is required. Other features that make the PDL200 suitable for scientific and industrial applications include the compact size, ease-of-use, and ability to drive any capacitive load.
The PDL200 is housed in a rugged desktop enclosure with no fan or vents and can be mounted into a standard Eurocard subrack or onto a DIN rail.
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Specifications
| Peak Current | 600 mA |
| RMS Current | 220 mA |
| Voltage | -10V to +60V, +150V or +200V (Selectable on front panel) |
| Gain | 20 V/V |
| Signal Bandwidth | 400 kHz (unloaded) |
| Power Bandwidth | 5 kHz (100 nF load) |
| Offset | 0 V to 200 V |
| Input | Differential, Zin = 27 kOhm |
| Connectors | BNC input and output |
| Load | Unlimited capacitive loads |
| Overload | Thermal, current and voltage |
| Noise | 150 uV RMS (1 uF Load) |
| Environment | 0 – 40 C (32-104 F) |
| Enclosure | Rugged desktop enclosure, no fan. Mounts into Eurocard subrack and DIN rail. |
| Dimensions | 226 x 111 x 83mm mm (L x W x L) |
| Power Supply | 115V or 230V AC (selectable) |
Power Bandwidth
The power bandwidth of the PDL200 is more than three times greater than a standard amplifier with a static current limit. For signals over 100 Hz the maximum frequency sine-wave is approximately,
$$f^{max}=\frac{0.1}{V_{pp} C} \text{Hz} ,$$ where \( V_{pp} \) is the peak-to-peak voltage and \( C \) is the load capacitance. Some common values of power bandwidth are tabulated below.
| Load Capacitance | Power Bandwidth |
| 100 nF | 5.0 kHz |
| 300 nF | 1.66 kHz |
| 1.0 uF | 500 Hz |
| 3.0 uF | 167 Hz |
| 10 uF | 50 Hz |
| 30 uF | 6 Hz |
| 100 uF | 2 Hz |
Power Bandwidth versus Load Capacitance
Bias/Offset Voltage
A bias voltage of 0V to 200V can be set from a 10-turn potentiometer on the front panel.
Voltage Limit
The voltage limit switch restricts the maximum output voltage to either: 60V, 150V or 200V.
Frequency Response
With a capacitive load, the PDL200 exhibits an approximately first-order response with a bandwidth of
$$f^{3dB}=\frac{1}{150 C} \text{Hz} ,$$ where \( C \) is the load capacitance. Some typical values of bandwidth are tabulated below.
| Load Capacitance | Signal Bandwidth |
| 100 nF | 53 kHz |
| 300 nF | 18 kHz |
| 1.0 uF | 5.3 kHz |
| 3.0 uF | 1.8 kHz |
| 10 uF | 530 Hz |
| 30 uF | 180 Hz |
| 100 uF | 53 Hz |
Signal Bandwidth versus Load Capacitance
Signal Bandwidth versus Load Capacitance
Noise Performance
The PDL200 is a low noise amplifier designed to exceed the requirements of positioning and imaging systems with sub-atomic resolution. The following table lists some experimentally measured noise voltages.
| Load Cap. | Bandwidth | Noise (RMS) |
| 100 nF | 53 kHz | 770 uV |
| 300 nF | 18 kHz | 290 uV |
| 1.0 uF | 5.3 kHz | 125 uV |
| 3.0 uF | 1.8 kHz | 95 uV |
| 10 uF | 530 Hz | 57 uV |
| 30 uF | 180 Hz | 42 uV |
| 100 uF | 53 Hz | 27 uV |
Noise versus Load Capacitance